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Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo, 2, GT2023-101960p. (2023) DOI:10.1115/GT2023-101960
Hydrogen has immense potential as a future energy vector for power and propulsion applications. However there are several challenges, including flame stability, flashback and emissions, that impede its widespread use in modern energy systems. Hydrogen systems are required to be operated at fuel-lean conditions to avoid high NOx emissions and flashback issues, however lean operation makes systems more susceptible to thermoacoustic instabilities and lean blow-off (LBO). Understanding these dynamical behaviours is key to develop robust operational strategies. Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) is an effective tool to study nonlinear dynamics, and has been applied in this study to characterise hydrogen flame behaviour in industry-relevant laboratory-scale combustion systems. RQA was conducted on two different configurations – hydrogen lean direct injection (LDI) combustor and a swirl-stabilised combustor operated on methane-hydrogen blends. RQA was carried out on time-resolved data of (i) pressure measurements in the combustor and (ii) integrated OH∗ chemiluminescence signals. These commonly used measurements in combustion diagnostics were selected to develop a tool which can be applied easily to other industrial systems. The effect of H2 blend, bulk velocity, and global equivalence ratio (ϕg) were investigated in this study, and four quantifiable parameters such as Shannon entropy, recurrence rate, determinism, and laminarity were extracted from the RQA, to determine different dynamical behaviours – stable, intermittent, and limit-cycle. High values of Shannon entropy and recurrence rate indicated stable conditions for the swirl-stabilised combustor, while a combination of Shannon entropy and determinism were found to best capture the hydrogen flame dynamics in the LDI combustor. The outcome of this work will allow development of efficient predictive tools for nonlinear data analysis.
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